Key Takeaways (for Malibu Colony to Manhattan Beach readers)

• Residency by Investment (RBI) is a legal pathway to live in another country by making a qualifying economic contribution (funds, real estate, business, etc.). It’s different from Citizenship by Investment (CBI).
• If you’re based in Pacific Palisades, Brentwood, Santa Monica, Bel Air, Holmby Hills, Beverly Hills’ Gateway neighborhood, Malibu (Malibu Colony), San Marino, Pasadena/South Pasadena, Hancock Park, Manhattan Beach, or Los Feliz (The Oaks / Los Feliz Estates), a second residence is often about mobility, lifestyle flexibility, education planning, and long-stay options—not “moving tomorrow.”
• Program rules change. For example, Spain ended investor “Golden Visa” residence permits effective April 3, 2025. Always confirm current rules before committing capital.
• This guide is informational only and not legal or tax advice. Americans should coordinate immigration choices with U.S. tax and compliance professionals.

Residency by Investment Programs for Americans (2026): A Global List of Options

Americans are increasingly looking at residency-by-investment options as a “Plan B” for travel flexibility, longer stays abroad, family education planning, or simply the ability to choose where to spend time in a changing world.

If you’re reading this from Los Angeles—whether you’re in Malibu Colony, Beverly Hills’ Gateway, Pacific Palisades, Brentwood, Santa Monica, Bel Air, Holmby Hills, San Marino, Manhattan Beach, Pasadena/South Pasadena, Hancock Park, or Los Feliz Estates—you’re likely already familiar with global living. The key is making sure any program you consider fits your goals, risk tolerance, and long-term timeline.

Below is a practical, globally scoped roundup of the main RBI programs and categories that Americans commonly compare.

What “Residency by Investment” means (and what it doesn’t)

Residency by Investment (RBI) generally means a country grants you a residence permit when you make a qualifying economic contribution—often through real estate, approved funds, business investment, or other approved routes.

What it doesn’t automatically mean:

• It does not automatically grant citizenship (citizenship—if possible—usually comes later through naturalization rules).
• It does not automatically change your U.S. tax obligations. The IRS generally taxes U.S. citizens on worldwide income, regardless of where they live. (Get U.S. tax advice before changing your residency footprint.)
• It does not guarantee that rules won’t change. Programs can tighten, pause, or close.

Why Los Angeles families and investors look for a second residence

In practice, many high-net-worth Americans pursue a second residence for reasons that have nothing to do with “leaving” the U.S.:

• Lifestyle flexibility: splitting time between LA and Europe/Asia (common for households in Pacific Palisades, Brentwood, and Santa Monica).
• Privacy and personal security: a second base can be attractive to families in high-visibility areas like Bel Air, Holmby Hills, and Beverly Hills’ Gateway neighborhood.
• Long-stay options: the ability to stay in a country beyond typical tourist limits.
• Education planning: keeping options open for children (often top-of-mind in San Marino, Pasadena/South Pasadena, Hancock Park, and Los Feliz).
• Real estate strategy: some investors (including buyers in Manhattan Beach or Malibu Colony) are already comfortable with property as an asset class—though “qualifying real estate” rules can be very specific.

The global list: Major Residency-by-Investment programs Americans compare

Below are the most common program types and jurisdictions that show up in real-world consultations. Each item includes what it is, who it tends to fit, and key watch-outs.

1) Portugal — ARI (“Golden Visa” residence by investment)

What it is: A residence permit linked to specific investment routes (notably funds, research, cultural support, and job creation).
Common qualifying routes (examples): Investment funds (often €500,000), cultural heritage support (often €250,000), research contribution, or job creation (e.g., 10+ jobs).
Who it tends to fit: Americans who want EU optionality with relatively low physical presence requirements compared with many standard residency paths.
Key watch-outs: Program requirements are technical, fund due diligence matters, and processing timing can vary.

2) Greece — Golden Visa (real estate-forward residency)

What it is: Residence rights linked primarily to qualifying real estate investments (thresholds depend on location and policy rules, starting from EUR250,000).
Who it tends to fit: Buyers who want a Schengen-area foothold and are comfortable owning property abroad.
Key watch-outs: Greece has implemented tiered investment thresholds and property eligibility rules can be strict (location, size, single-property requirements, etc.). Real estate liquidity and property management should be part of the decision.

3) Italy — Investor Visa (startup/company/bonds/philanthropy routes)

What it is: An investor visa framework with different minimum investment amounts depending on route (e.g., innovative startup, Italian company, government bonds, philanthropic donation, starting from EUR250,000).
Who it tends to fit: Applicants who want Italy specifically and prefer non-real-estate investment options.
Key watch-outs: The visa/investment mechanics and documentation standards are detailed—plan for structured case preparation.

4) Malta — Permanent Residence Programme (MPRP)

What it is: A structured route to permanent residence with a combination of property (purchase or lease) plus government fees/contributions and due diligence.
Who it tends to fit: Families prioritizing a stable long-term residence status and Schengen-region practicality.
Key watch-outs: Malta programs include multiple fee layers (administration fees, contributions, property requirements). Always validate the current regulation-based thresholds.

5) Cyprus — Permanent Residency (investment policy route)

What it is: Cyprus offers a policy pathway to permanent residency through qualifying investment categories (including property, business shares, or funds), commonly referenced around a €300,000 investment baseline (depending on route).
Who it tends to fit: Applicants who want an EU-linked jurisdiction and are comfortable with Cyprus as a lifestyle base.
Key watch-outs: Understand the “first sale” rules (where applicable), annual compliance expectations, and how “residency” interacts with tax residency triggers.

6) United Arab Emirates — Golden Visa (including real estate investor route)

What it is: Long-term UAE residence (often 5–10 years depending on category) with investor routes that can include real estate thresholds.
Who it tends to fit: Entrepreneurs, executives, and internationally mobile families who value UAE infrastructure and regional connectivity.
Key watch-outs: UAE “Golden Visa” categories differ (real estate, talent, entrepreneur, etc.). Ensure you’re applying under the correct category and understand renewal/maintenance conditions.

7) Saudi Arabia — Premium Residency

What it is: A residency framework with permanent or renewable fee-based options, plus category-based routes (rules evolve).
Who it tends to fit: Investors and executives who want a long-term Gulf presence with fewer sponsorship constraints than traditional employment setups.
Key watch-outs: Category requirements can be specific; verify fees and eligibility and consider practical lifestyle fit.

8) Hong Kong — New Capital Investment Entrant Scheme (New CIES)

What it is: A residency-linked capital investment scheme with a significant minimum investment requirement (HK$30 million is commonly referenced in official guidance).
Who it tends to fit: High-capital applicants seeking an Asia hub and long-term regional optionality.
Key watch-outs: Investment composition rules and eligible asset classes matter. Ensure investments are structured to comply with the scheme rules.

9) Singapore — Global Investor Programme (GIP)

What it is: A pathway to Singapore Permanent Residence for eligible global investors with substantial business track record and qualifying investment options (commonly involving multi‑million SGD commitments).
Who it tends to fit: Founder-operators and large-scale investors who can meet Singapore’s business and documentation standards.
Key watch-outs: Singapore is selective; the program is not a “quick purchase” model.

10) Thailand — LTR (Long-Term Resident) Visa

What it is: A long-stay residency framework (often described as a 10‑year visa) designed for categories such as wealthy global citizens, retirees, remote workers, and highly skilled professionals—each with defined criteria.
Who it tends to fit: Americans who want an Asia base with strong lifestyle value and clear category-based eligibility.
Key watch-outs: Criteria must typically be maintained over time (income/assets/insurance/investment conditions).

11) Thailand — Thailand Privilege Card (membership-based long-stay)

What it is: A membership-style long-stay option (not the same as “residency by investment” in the European sense).
Who it tends to fit: People who want a predictable long-stay arrangement and service benefits, and who don’t necessarily need a permanent residence pathway.
Key watch-outs: It’s a different category than investor residence permits; align expectations accordingly.

12) New Zealand — Active Investor Plus (AIP)

What it is: A residence-by-investment framework that, as of recent rule updates, is structured into categories with different minimum investment amounts and time-in-country expectations.
Who it tends to fit: Families who want a stable, English-speaking residence option and can meet investment and presence requirements.
Key watch-outs: Presence requirements are a major differentiator vs. low-stay European golden visa models.

A simple checklist to compare programs (especially for Americans)

Use this before you fall in love with a country:

1. Your goal: long stays, school planning, lifestyle base, business expansion, or long-term citizenship option
2. Investment type: real estate vs funds vs business vs contribution
3. All-in cost: government fees + legal/advisory fees + renewal costs + property carrying costs
4. Family eligibility: spouse, children (age cutoffs), parents
5. Physical presence: minimum days to maintain status and/or qualify for long-term outcomes
6. Tax residency triggers: when “residence” becomes “tax residence” (get professional advice)
7. Source-of-funds and due diligence: expect documentation and background checks
8. Policy change risk: understand what happens if thresholds or rules change mid-process
9. Exit strategy: especially for real estate and fund routes—liquidity matters

How FTB Mobility supports residency-by-investment planning

FTB Mobility’s work typically focuses on helping individuals and companies choose and execute the right route—especially when the decision involves multiple jurisdictions and moving parts.

What we’re set up to do (in practical terms):

• Program shortlisting across 25+ options globally, based on your goals and constraints
• Case strategy and documentation coordination (including family applications where permitted)
• Investment and property coordination support where an investment is part of eligibility
• Support for corporate mobility and cross-border business-linked immigration needs
• A dedicated Thailand immigration service line, plus regional office coverage (U.S., Europe, Middle East, Asia)

FAQs

1) What is residency by investment?

A government pathway that grants you a residence permit (temporary or permanent) in exchange for a qualifying economic contribution—often via funds, real estate, business, or other approved routes.

2) Is residency by investment the same as a “Golden Visa”?

“Golden Visa” is a common nickname for certain RBI programs, especially in Europe. Not every RBI program is branded as a golden visa, and not every “long-stay” option is an RBI program.

3) Do I need to give up U.S. citizenship to get a second residency?

No. A second residency is separate from citizenship. Renunciation is a separate legal process and is not required for holding foreign residence status.

4) Will a second residency reduce my U.S. taxes?

Not automatically. U.S. citizens generally have worldwide tax reporting obligations. Speak with qualified U.S. tax counsel/CPAs before changing your residency footprint.

5) Can my spouse and children be included?

Many programs allow family inclusion, but the definition of “dependent” varies (especially for adult children and parents). Confirm eligibility early.

6) How long does approval usually take?

It varies widely by country, route, and government workload. Treat any timeline you see online as an estimate and verify it with current, program-specific guidance.

7) What documents are typically required?

Usually: passports, civil status documents, police clearances, medical insurance, and detailed source-of-funds evidence. Some programs require audited financials.

8) What happens if the program changes after I apply?

Some jurisdictions apply transitional rules; others change criteria quickly. This is why choosing a route with a clear legal basis and conservative compliance posture matters.

9) Can a residency-by-investment program lead to citizenship later?

Sometimes—but typically through standard naturalization rules (often requiring years of actual residence, language/integration requirements, and other conditions).

10) Which programs are most relevant for LA-based families who don’t want to relocate full-time?

Programs with low physical presence requirements (often certain European RBI routes) are frequently considered by families splitting time between Los Angeles and abroad.

11) Do you handle Thailand options like LTR and Thailand Privilege?

Yes—FTB Mobility has a specialized Thailand practice and can advise on Thailand Privilege and LTR pathways depending on your profile and goals.

12) How do you choose among 25+ programs?

Typically by mapping goals (mobility, long-stay, education, business, timeline) against constraints (budget, presence, risk tolerance, family structure) and then verifying eligibility before investment.